1938 Colum
Colum wants to stop his best mate Thommo’s family from being evicted and summon the courage to ride his billycart down Brickpits Hill. Through radio plays, punting schemes, and community resilience, Colum’s story explores economic hardship, friendship, and civic ingenuity during the Great Depression.
The 1930s were a time of economic hardship, resilience, and rising civic awareness. The Great Depression left over 30% of Australians unemployed, forcing families to rely on charity, backyard gardens, and informal economies. The government introduced ‘the susso’ in 1932, but women were excluded. First Nations activism gained momentum, with the 1938 Day of Mourning marking the first national protest against discrimination.
- 1929: The Stock Market Crash triggers global depression. The Wall Street crash leads to widespread economic collapse, with Australia facing soaring unemployment, wage cuts, and mass hardship.
- 1930: Phar Lap wins Melbourne Cup. The beloved racehorse becomes a Depression-era icon of hope and resilience, capturing the hearts of Australians during tough times. Amy Johnson flies solo from England to Australia. The pioneering British aviator completes a record-breaking solo flight, inspiring admiration and advancing women’s visibility in aviation.
- 1932: ‘Susso’ introduced as unemployment relief. The government implements the sustenance payment (‘susso’) to support jobless Australians, although women are excluded due to gendered assumptions. Sydney Harbour Bridge opens. A symbol of national pride and engineering achievement, the bridge connects Sydney’s north and south and provides vital jobs during the Depression. ABC begins radio broadcasting. The Australian Broadcasting Commission launches, bringing news, music, and drama into homes and shaping national identity through radio.
- 1935: Cane toads introduced. Released in Queensland to control beetles in sugarcane crops, cane toads quickly become an invasive species with lasting ecological impact.
- 1936: Last Tasmanian Tiger dies in captivity. The extinction of the thylacine in Hobart’s Beaumaris Zoo marks a tragic loss in Australia’s biodiversity and conservation history.
- 1937: Cummeragunja Walk Off by Yorta Yorta people. Over 200 First Nations residents leave the mission in protest of poor conditions and government control, an early act of Indigenous resistance.
- 1938: Day of Mourning protest led by William Cooper, Pearl Gibbs, and Jack Patten. On Australia Day, First Nations leaders hold the first national protest against colonisation and injustice, demanding civil rights and recognition.
First Nations Focus:
First Nations activism, resilience, and protest shaped civic identity and challenged injustice during the 1930s. The 1938 Day of Mourning marked the first national protest against the treatment of First Nations peoples, led by William Cooper, Pearl Gibbs, and Jack Patten. This event, and earlier actions like the 1937 Cummeragunja Walk Off, highlighted the fight for fair wages, freedom of movement, and family rights. These stories offer powerful insights into leadership, resistance, and the enduring struggle for recognition and justice.
Inquiry Sprint
Provocation Questions
How do people stay strong and hopeful during hard times?
Tuning In
Watch Clip 1: The Dole Inspector
In this clip we meet the dole inspector, a feared authority in the neighbourhood where Colum and his family live. When the alarm is given that he is on his way, the families hide any evidence of making a living. The dole inspector could enter the homes of people receiving the dole and tell them to leave their house or sell their belongings.
As a class reflect on the clip and hold a class discussion around the following question:
- What does the dole inspector represent?
- How did families survive without formal unemployment support?
- What does this tell us about resilience and community?
As a class, create a poster or mind map of Depression-era survival strategies.
Historical Inquiry Integration:
- Develop inquiry questions: “How did people survive the Great Depression?”
- Contextualise: Explore 1930s Australia, unemployment, and informal economies
- Locate sources: Use oral histories, newspaper archives, and government records
Finding Out
Watch Clip 2: The Shadow Part 1
In this clip we are introduce to The Shadow, a famous a comic character, popular at this time with children. The character and his adventures were made into a radio play, which was broadcast as a serial each week. We also see Colum and Thommo calculate how much they need to win on the Melbourne Cup to save Thommo’s family.
Choose one of the following tasks to complete:
Option 1: Research the Melbourne Cup and its cultural significance
Option 2: Interview an expert about radio and entertainment in the 1930s
Historical Inquiry Integration:
- Analyse sources: Compare radio clips, betting records, and oral accounts
- Identify evidence: What do these sources reveal about hope and risk?
Sorting Out
Watch Clip 3: Punting
In this clip, Colum and Thommo are collecting bets from their neighbours on horses in the 1938 Melbourne Cup. They present these bets to Mr O'Sullivan, the local shopkeeper. Colum and Thommo hope to win big in order to save Thommo's family from eviction.
Complete one of the following tasks:
Option 1: Hold a class debate answering the question: “should children earn pocket money for helping with chores around the house?”
Option 2: Create a newspaper front page: “Tips for surviving the Great Depression”
Historical Inquiry Integration:
- Develop a hypothesis: “Community action was more effective than government
Complete one of the following tasks:
Option 1: Hold a class debate answering the question: “should children earn pocket money for helping with chores around the house?”
Option 2: Create a newspaper front page: “Tips for surviving the Great Depression”
Historical Inquiry Integration:
- Develop a hypothesis: “Community action was more effective than government support”
- Organise evidence: Use posters, timelines, and Venn diagrams
Going Further
Watch Clip 4: The Shadow Part 2
In this clip we are introduce to The Shadow, a famous a comic character, popular at this time with children. The character and his adventures were made into a radio play, which was broadcast as a serial each week. We also see Colum and Thommo calculate how much they need to win on the Melbourne Cup to save Thommo’s family.
In small groups, write a short radio play that explores themes from the Great Depression. As you write, think about how radio programs during the 1930s gave people hope and sparked imagination in difficult times. After writing your segment, record it and share with the class. Reflect on the ways media helped people cope during this period and why it was so important for communities.
Historical Inquiry Integration:
- Construct an interpretation: “Radio was a lifeline during the Depression”
- Communicate: Record and share student radio plays
Making Connections
Reflect on Colum’s courage and the civic action of his community. As a class, dicuss the following:
- Have I ever helped someone during a tough time?
- What helps me stay hopeful when things feel uncertain?
- How do stories of hardship shape our values?
As a class, work together to create a “Community Strength Charter” that celebrates resilience and support within your community. Each student should interview a community member - this could be a family member, neighbour, or someone from a local organisation - and collect a short story or reflection about a time when people worked together or showed strength during difficult circumstances. Add these stories to the charter along with the person’s name (with their consent) and a description of their experience and what it teaches us about community. Once all contributions are gathered, design the charter as a visual display that highlights key themes such as cooperation, kindness, and resourcefulness.
Taking Action
Apply learning by designing a creative project that honours civic resilience and community care. Choose one of the following:
Option 1: Create a Depression-era museum display with artefacts, posters, and radio snippets using information and creative tasks you’ve completed in this inquiry sprint
Option 2: Submit your “Community Strength Charter” to a local archive or community newsletter to be published and shared.
Australian Curriculum Links
Explore how economic hardship, civic resilience, and protest shaped identity and belonging in 1930s Australia.
|
Year |
Content Description |
Inquiry Sprint Link |
CCP Integration |
|
Year 3 |
AC9HS3K01 Causes and effects of changes to the local community | Tuning In: Explore Colum’s neighbourhood and Depression-era survival strategies | Investigate how unemployment and informal economies shaped daily life |
|
Year 4 |
AC9HS4K01 Role of individuals, events and groups in shaping communities | Sorting Out: Compare Colum’s community action with First Nations protest | Explore civic resilience and early activism across communities |
|
Year 5 |
AC9HS5K02 Causes and effects of change in Australian society | Finding Out Investigate the susso, unemployment relief, and the Day of Mourning | Examine changing views on government support, protest, and civic responsibility |
|
Year 6 |
AC9HS6K01 Democratic values and processes in Australia | Taking Action: Debate unemployment relief and design a Depression-era museum display | Link Colum’s story to civic voice, protest, and historical empathy |
Explore how language, loyalty, and civic imagination shape character development and cultural understanding in 1930s Australia.
|
Year |
Content Description |
Inquiry Sprint Link |
CCP Integration |
|
Year 3 |
AC9E3LE01 Personal responses to texts and characters | Tuning In: Respond to Colum’s billycart challenge and the radio play The Shadow by writing a short review or oral retelling of the episode |
Connect storytelling to protest, resilience, and civic identity across cultures and generations |
|
Year 4 |
AC9E4LY06 Create imaginative and persuasive texts | Going Further: Write a short script or comic strip imagining Colum and Thommo’s next adventure, set in a different decade or place | Promote empathy and civic imagination through historical fiction and time-shifted storytelling |
|
Year 5 |
AC9E5LE01 Analyse character motivations and emotional depth | Sorting Out: Compare how The Shadow radio play and a modern podcast use sound and voice to build suspense and emotion | Explore how media forms evolve while continuing to shape civic values and emotional connection |
|
Year 6 |
AC9E6LE01 Respond to texts shaped by historical and cultural contexts | Making Connections: Create a podcast or interview script comparing Colum’s story with a real-life Depression-era figure or First Nations activist | Connect storytelling to protest, resilience, and civic identity across cultures and generations |
Explore how cultural heritage, civic resilience, and intergenerational wisdom deepen empathy, belonging, and respectful representation.
Country/Place: Compare Colum’s backyard gardens and community action with First Nations relationships to Country
Culture: Explore protest, storytelling, and civic pride across communities
People: Highlight the role of Elders and activists in shaping values and civic leadership
Asia and its Diversity: Use Depression-era migration and civic responses to explore cultural contribution
Achievements and Contributions: Celebrate migrant and First Nations contributions to civic life, protest, and resilience
Asia–Australia Connections: Reflect on how storytelling, protest, and tradition foster belonging and civic identity